MHealth apps as a tool for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Systematic review

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death globally due to the global trend of aging. Mobile medicine — mHealth — is gaining more popularity each year. In this paper, we consider the effectiveness of mHealth in the prevention of cardiovascular events.

Materials and methods. The study was performed in accordance with PRISMA checklist. Original studies published in 2018- 2022 were considered for inclusion in systematic review. Еlibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar и ResearchGate were searched for the studies.

Results. Systematic review included 15 original clinical studies. Number of studies per year was as follows: 2021 — 47%, 2020 — 40%, 2019 — 13%. Sample size in the studies varied from 28 to 28 189 people (median — 333). Age of participants ranged from 45 to 68.5 years (М±SD = 59.9±2.1 years), follow-up period was 1.5–36 months (М±SD = 9.4±2.5 years). Reliability of studies results was 0–100% (median — 69.7%). The proportion of studies with reliability of 100% was 46.7%, less than 50% — 26.7%. No effectiveness from the use of mHealth was found in 6.7% of the studies, with 13.3% of included studies didn’t evaluate effectiveness at all. The majority of studies came from USA (20%), United Kingdom (13.3%), China (13.3%). Others came from Russia, Belgium, Germany and Australia (6.7% each). Artificial intelligence was used in 13.3% of the studies.

Conclusion. This systematic review demonstrated significant benefit from using mHealth for prevention of cardiovascular diseases compared to standard approaches.

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