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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vitj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Врач и информационные технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Doctor and Information Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1811-0193</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5208</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/18110193_2025_1_70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vitj-97</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальный анализ точности идентификации цефалометрических ориентиров на боковых телерентгенограммах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental analysis of the accuracy of cephalometric landmark identification in lateral teleroentgenograms</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюпова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayupova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aupovaio@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колсанов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolsanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, профессор РАН</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Professor, Professor of the RAS</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.v.kolsanov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Associate Professor</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.v.popov@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хамадеева</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khamadeeva</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Professor</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.m.khamadeeva@samsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давидюк</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davidiuk</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пасадена, Калифорния</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pasadena, California</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksdave@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирюков</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiryukov</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент</p><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirukov@mgpu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аюпов</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayupov</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самара</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doktor.aon@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО СамГМУ Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI HE SamSMU MOH Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Народный университет</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of the People</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Самарский филиал ГАОУ ВО МГПУ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara branch of Moscow City University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МУ «Реавиз»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical University «Reaviz»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аюпова И.О., Колсанов А.В., Попов Н.В., Хамадеева А.М., Давидюк М.А., Кирюков С.Р., Аюпов О.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аюпова И.О., Колсанов А.В., Попов Н.В., Хамадеева А.М., Давидюк М.А., Кирюков С.Р., Аюпов О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ayupova I.O., Kolsanov A.V., Popov N.V., Khamadeeva A.M., Davidiuk M.A., Kiryukov S.R., Ayupov O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vit-j.ru/jour/article/view/97">https://www.vit-j.ru/jour/article/view/97</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценить перспективность применения нейронных сетей для цефалометрического анализа при помощи анализа точности ручной иидентификации анатомических ориентиров на цифровых латеральных телерентгенограммах.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Выполнена разметка 100 обезличенных телерентгенограмм в боковой проекции одиннадцатью врачами- ортодонтами по 21 параметру, получено 23100 цифровых рентгеновских изображения с нанесенной на них опорной точкой. Проведено сравнение координат опорной точки с «базовой точкой», то есть усредненной координатой для каждой опорной точки среди всех ее локализаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По критерию среднего отклонения от «базовой точки» наилучшая точность достигнута для вершин режущих краев центральных резцов верхней (is) (0,589, ДИ = 95%) и нижней челюстей (ii) (0,835, ДИ = 95%), а также для середины входа в турецкое седло (S) (0,662, ДИ = 95%). Для группы ориентиров с наименьшей согласованностью, куда вошли такие точки как Po (4,330, ДИ = 95%), Pt (2,999, ДИ = 95%) и Ba (2,887, ДИ = 95%), для автоматизации идентификаций и повышения качества цефалометрического анализа, вероятно, будет недостаточным применение только искусственных нейронных сетей и потребуется внедрение других элементов машинного обучения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Учитывая результаты нашего исследования, можно сделать вывод, что предложенный метод демонстрирует высокую точность для большинства точек и может быть использован для автоматизации цефалометрического анализа с дальнейшим развитием технологий машинного обучения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate the promising application of neural networks for cephalometric analysis by analyzing the accuracy of manual identification of anatomical landmarks on digital lateral teleradiographs.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. Markup of 100 anonymized teleradiographs in lateral projection by eleven orthodontists on 21 parameters was performed, 23100 digital X-ray images with a reference point plotted on them were obtained. The coordinates of the reference point were compared with the “base point”, i.e. the averaged coordinate for each reference point among all its localizations.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. According to the criterion of average deviation from the “base point”, the best accuracy was achieved for the apices of the incisal edges of the central incisors of the maxilla (is) (0.589, CI = 95%) and mandible (ii) (0.835, CI = 95%), as well as for the middle of the entrance to the Turkish saddle (S) (0.662, CI = 95%). For the group of landmarks with the lowest consistency, which included points such as Po (4.330, CI = 95%), Pt (2.999, CI = 95%) and Ba (2.887, CI = 95%), the use of artificial neural networks alone is likely to be insufficient to automate identifications and improve the quality of cephalometric analysis and other machine learning elements will need to be implemented.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Considering the results of our study, we can conclude that the proposed method demonstrates high accuracy for most points and can be used to automate cephalometric analysis with further development of machine learning technologies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>согласованность экспертных оценок</kwd><kwd>идентификация опорных ориентиров</kwd><kwd>диагностические ошибки</kwd><kwd>цефалометрические ориентиры</kwd><kwd>ручная трассировка</kwd><kwd>релевантность цефалометрического анализа</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>ИИ</kwd><kwd>глубокое машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>expert evaluation consistency</kwd><kwd>reference landmark identification</kwd><kwd>diagnostic errors</kwd><kwd>cephalometric landmarks</kwd><kwd>manual tracing</kwd><kwd>relevance cephalometric analysis quality</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>AI</kwd><kwd>deep machine learning</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогацкий Д.В. 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