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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vitj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Врач и информационные технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Doctor and Information Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1811-0193</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5208</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/18110193_2025_1_42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vitj-95</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные подходы к сегментации и анализу структур головного мозга: проблемы и решения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern approaches to segmentation and analysis of brain structures: problems and solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Vladimir.Tsygankov27@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрин</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudrin</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Associate Professor</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rodion.kudrin76@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kataev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.kataev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.т.н., доцент</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">O.A.Shabalina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Садовникова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sadovnikova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор</p><p>Волгоград</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>DSc, Professor</p><p>Volgograd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n_sadovnikova@vstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Волгоградский государственный технический университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Цыганков В.А., Кудрин Р.А., Катаев А.В., Шабалина О.А., Садовникова Н.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цыганков В.А., Кудрин Р.А., Катаев А.В., Шабалина О.А., Садовникова Н.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tsygankov V.A., Kudrin R.A., Kataev A.V., Shabalina O.A., Sadovnikova N.P.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vit-j.ru/jour/article/view/95">https://www.vit-j.ru/jour/article/view/95</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время искусственный интеллект является одной из наиболее быстро развивающихся областей человеческого знания. Данная тематика имеет большое значение для науки и практики, в целом, и для медицины, в частности. Применение технологий искусственного интеллекта к сегментации зон головного мозга и выявлению аномальных участков особенно востребовано и перспективно в области нейрофизиологии, нейрохирургии, психиатрии, клинической психологии и других медицинских дисциплин. В данной работе проведено исследование существующих методов автоматизированной сегментации и анализа данных о структуре и функциональном состоянии головного мозга, а также метрик, применяемых для оценки эффективности данного подхода.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: выявление нерешённых проблем и поиск тенденций в разработке методов сегментации и выявления аномальных участков головного мозга, а также определение наиболее эффективных методов и способов их улучшения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена с использованием методологии Systematic Mapping Study (SMS). Данное исследование ограничивается предметной областью, связанной с сегментацией зон головного мозга и определением в нём аномальных участков.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Основные результаты исследования представлены в виде классификационных таблиц и ментальной карты. Показано, что целью рассмотренных исследований является повышение точности при сегментировании зон головного мозга и нахождении аномальных участков. Такая метрика, как время обработки данных, применяется для оценки эффективности метода при малом количестве исследований, а в большинстве случаев вообще не рассматривается. При этом скорость обработки изображений в зависимости от применяемого метода измеряется минутами, что существенно ограничивает возможность использования данного подхода в экстренных ситуациях, в том числе при угрозе жизни человека.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Для анализа данных о структуре и функциональном состоянии головного мозга в режиме реального времени требуется модификация уже разработанных методов энцефальной сегментации, а также разработка новых, более эффективных подходов. При этом скорость обработки данных должна быть соизмерима со временем вынесения срочного заключения о состоянии головного мозга человека.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, artificial intelligence is one of the most rapidly developing areas of human knowledge. This topic is of great importance for science and practice, in general, and for medicine, in particular. Application of artificial intelligence technologies to the segmentation of brain areas and detection of abnormal areas is especially demanded and promising in the field of neurophysiology, neurosurgery, psychiatry, clinical psychology and other medical disciplines. This paper investigates existing methods for automated segmentation and analysis of data on the structure and functional state of the brain, as well as metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of this approach.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The work was performed using Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) methodology.</p><p>This study is limited to the subject area related to segmentation of brain areas and identification of abnormal areas in the brain.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The main results of the study are presented in the form of classification tables and a mental map. It is shown that the purpose of the reviewed research is to improve accuracy in segmenting brain areas and finding abnormal areas. Such a metric as data processing time is used to evaluate the efficiency of the method for a small number of studies, and in most cases it is not considered at all. At the same time, the speed of image processing, depending on the method used, is measured in minutes, which significantly limits the possibility of using this approach in emergency situations, including life-threatening situations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. To analyze data on the structure and functional state of the brain in real time, modification of already developed methods of encephalic segmentation is required, as well as development of new, more efficient approaches. At the same time, the speed of data processing should be commensurate with the time of making an urgent conclusion about the state of the human brain.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>сегментация головного мозга</kwd><kwd>нейросети для диагностики мозговой дисфункции</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект в медицине</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Neural networks</kwd><kwd>Artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>Machine learning</kwd><kwd>Brain segmentation</kwd><kwd>Neural networks for diagnosing brain dysfunction</kwd><kwd>Artificial intelligence in medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильева Е.Б., Талыпов А.Э., Петриков С.С. 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