<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vitj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Врач и информационные технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Doctor and Information Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1811-0193</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2413-5208</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25881/18110193_2022_2_34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vitj-126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методология оценки рисков диагностики и назначения лечения в ходе телемедицинских консультаций пациентов и законных представителей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodology for assessing the risks of diagnosing and prescribing treatment during direct-to-patient and their official representatives telemedicine consultations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Владзимирский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vladzimirsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p><p>г. Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.vladzimirsky@npcmr.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Г. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>G. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., профессор</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lebedev_g_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадеркин</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaderkin</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@uroweb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н.</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci.</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@mednet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова»; &#13;
ГБУЗ «НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University; &#13;
Moscow Center for Diagnostic and Telemedicines</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения» МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization of Health Care</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Владзимирский А.В., Лебедев Г.С., Шадеркин И.А., Миронов Ю.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Владзимирский А.В., Лебедев Г.С., Шадеркин И.А., Миронов Ю.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vladzimirsky A.V., Lebedev G.S., Shaderkin I.A., Mironov Y.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vit-j.ru/jour/article/view/126">https://www.vit-j.ru/jour/article/view/126</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время отсутствуют единые методологические подходы к определению патологических состояний (нозологий, синдромов, симптомов), при которых возможны дистанционная диагностика и назначение лечения с применением телемедицинских технологий. В глобальной перспективе существуют ограниченные перечни соответствующих патологических состояний, которые формируются эмпирически, на основе условного риска. Развитие нормативно-правового обеспечения в сфере медицинской помощи, оказываемой с применением телемедицинских технологий, должно основываться на научном подходе, системном обеспечении безопасности и качества.</p><p>Цель исследования — разработать методологию определения вероятности достижения положительного исхода, применимую для оценки возможности диагностики и лечения при дистанционном взаимодействии медицинских работников и пациентов (законных представителей) с применением телемедицинских технологий. Материал и методы. Исследование выполнено на принципах системного подхода. В качестве информационной базы использованы нормативно-правовые акты в сфере организации и оказания медицинской помощи, в том числе — с применением телемедицинских технологий; утвержденные в установленном порядке стандарты медицинской помощи; технологические карты медицинских услуг; утвержденные в установленном порядке клинические рекомендации. Применялись аналитические методы (индукции, анализа и синтеза), метод прямой расстановки для определения весовых коэффициентов, методы математического моделирования.</p><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сформирована базовая концепция: возможность постановки диагноза при телемедицинской консультации «пациент-врач» должна определяться математически (путем расчета рисков), исходя из объема и качества данных о состоянии здоровья конкретного пациента. Разработка концепции проведена этапно: 1) разработка системы критериев оценки объемов и качества медицинских данных; 2) определение контекста и методики использования системы критериев; 3) разработка математической модели. Разработка методологии велась для оказания первичной медико-санитарной помощи, оказываемой вне медицинской организации или амбулаторно.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Для оценки возможности дистанционной постановки диагноза и эффективного назначения лечения разработана специальная методология, которая дает возможность определить вероятность достижения положительного исхода в конкретной клинической ситуации. Методология включает систему критериев оценки объемов и качества медицинских данных, требования к клиническому контексту применения, оригинальную математическую модель. Методология может быть применима в условиях экспериментальных правовых режимов, связанных с развитием цифрового здравоохранения и телемедицинских технологий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, there are no unified methodological approaches to diagnose certain diseases, syndromes, symptoms, where distant diagnostics and telemedicine-based treatment prescription are legal and feasible. There are limited and empirically generated lists of pathological conditions, accounting for possible risks. The development of regulatory and legal support for telemedicine-based medical care should be based on a scientific approach, providing for safety and quality assurance.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to develop a methodology for determining the probability of a positive outcome applicable for assessing the possibility of diagnosing and treating patients using distant interaction between healthcare professionals and patients (legal representatives) via telemedicine technologies.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study used the principles of a systematic approach. Regulatory and legal acts in the field of organization and provision of medical care were reviewed, including telemedicine-based medical services; duly approved standards of medical care; medical service flowcharts; and duly approved clinical guidelines. Analytical methods (induction, analysis, and synthesis), the method of direct placement for determining weight coefficients, as well as mathematical modeling were applied.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The basic concept has been elaborated as follows: the possibility of making a diagnosis during a direct-to-patient telemedicine consultation should be determined mathematically (by calculating the risks) based on the volume and quality of data on the health status of a given patient. The concept was developed in stages: 1) development of a system of criteria for assessing the volume and quality of medical data; 2) determination of the context and methodology for using the criteria system; 3) design of a mathematical model. The methodology was intended for the provision of primary healthcare outside the healthcare facility or in outpatient settings.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. A specific methodology was developed to assess the feasibility of distant diagnosis and effective treatment prescription, with prediction of a positive outcome in a given clinical situation. The methodology includes a system of criteria for assessing the volume and quality of medical data, requirements for the context of clinical application, and an original mathematical model. The methodology can be applied in experimental legal regimens green-lighted for the development of digital healthcare and telemedicine technologies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>телемедицина «пациент-врач»</kwd><kwd>телемедицинские технологии</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>экспериментальный правовой режим</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>direct-to-patient telemedicine</kwd><kwd>telemedicine technologies</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>prescribing</kwd><kwd>experimental legal regimen</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владзимирский А.В. Первичная телемедицинская консультация «пациент-врач»: первая систематизация методологии // Журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. — 2017. — №2(4). — С.109-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladzymyrskyy AV. Patient initiated direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultations: first step for a methodology systematization. Journal of Telemedicine and eHealth. 2017; 2(4): 109-120. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зингерман Б.В., Шкловский-Корди Н.Е., Воробьев А.И. О телемедицине «пациент-врач» // Врач и информационные технологии. — 2017. — №1. — С.61-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zingerman BV, Shklovsky-Kordi NE, Vorobiev AI. About telemedicine «patient to doctor». Physician and Information Technologies. 2017; 1: 61-79. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шадеркин И.А., Шадеркина В.А. Дистанционные медицинские консультации пациентов: что изменилось в России за 20 лет // Журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. — 2021. — Т.7, №2. — С.7-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaderkin IA, Shaderkina VA. Remote medical consultations for patients: what has changed in Russia in 20 years. Journal of Telemedicine and eHealth. 2021; 7(2): 7-17. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elliott T, Yopes MC. Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Nov-Dec; 7(8): 2546-2552. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elliott T, Yopes MC. Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Nov-Dec; 7(8): 2546-2552. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.06.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hariton E, Tracy EE. Telemedicine Companies Providing Prescription-Only Medications: Pros, Cons, and Proposed Guidelines. Obstet Gynecol 2019 Nov; 134(5): 941-945. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003529.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hariton E, Tracy EE. Telemedicine Companies Providing Prescription-Only Medications: Pros, Cons, and Proposed Guidelines. Obstet Gynecol 2019 Nov; 134(5): 941-945. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003529.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain T, Mehrotra A. Comparison of Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Visits With Primary Care Visits. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1; 3(12): e2028392. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28392.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain T, Mehrotra A. Comparison of Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Visits With Primary Care Visits. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Dec 1; 3(12): e2028392. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28392.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Владзимирский А.В. Эффективность телемедицинских консультаций «пациент-врач»: status praesens // Журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. — 2018. — №3(8). — С.64-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vladzymyrskyy AV. Efficiency of direct-to-patient telemedicine consultations: status praesens. Journal of Telemedicine and eHealth. 2018; 3(8): 64-70. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозов С.П., Владзимирский А.В., Сименюра С.С. Качество первичных телемедицинских консультаций «пациент-врач» (по результатам тестирования телемедицинских сервисов) // Врач и информационные технологии. — 2020. — №1. — С.52-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov SP, Vladzymyrskyy AV, Simenyura SS. The quality of primary direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultations (by results of testing telemedicine services). Physician and Information Technologies. 2020; 1: 52-62. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halpren-Ruder D, Chang AM, Hollander JE, Shah A. Quality Assurance in Telehealth: Adherence to Evidence-Based Indicators. Telemed J E Health. 2019 Jul; 25(7):599-603. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halpren-Ruder D, Chang AM, Hollander JE, Shah A. Quality Assurance in Telehealth: Adherence to Evidence-Based Indicators. Telemed J E Health. 2019 Jul; 25(7):599-603. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain T, Lu RJ, Mehrotra A. Prescriptions on Demand: The Growth of Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Companies. JAMA. 2019. Jul 26. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.9889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain T, Lu RJ, Mehrotra A. Prescriptions on Demand: The Growth of Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Companies. JAMA. 2019. Jul 26. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.9889.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hersh AL, Stenehjem E, Daines W. RE: Antibiotic Prescribing During Pediatric Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Visits. Pediatrics. 2019. Aug;144(2). pii: e20191786B. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-1786B.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hersh AL, Stenehjem E, Daines W. RE: Antibiotic Prescribing During Pediatric Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Visits. Pediatrics. 2019. Aug;144(2). pii: e20191786B. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-1786B.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi Z, Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Poon SJ, Uscher-Pines L, Ray KN. Quality Of Care For Acute Respiratory Infections During Direct-To-Consumer Telemedicine Visits For Adults. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018 Dec; 37(12): 2014-2023. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Z, Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Poon SJ, Uscher-Pines L, Ray KN. Quality Of Care For Acute Respiratory Infections During Direct-To-Consumer Telemedicine Visits For Adults. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018 Dec; 37(12): 2014-2023. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez KA, Rood M, Jhangiani N, Kou L, Boissy A, Rothberg MB. Association Between Antibiotic PrescribingforRespiratoryTractInfectionsandPatientSatisfactioninDirect-to-ConsumerTelemedicine. JAMA Intern Med. 2018. Nov 1; 178(11): 1558-1560. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4318.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez KA, Rood M, Jhangiani N, Kou L, Boissy A, Rothberg MB. Association Between Antibiotic PrescribingforRespiratoryTractInfectionsandPatientSatisfactioninDirect-to-ConsumerTelemedicine. JAMA Intern Med. 2018. Nov 1; 178(11): 1558-1560. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothberg MB, Martinez KA. Influenza Management via Direct to Consumer Telemedicine: an Observational Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2020. Jan 9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05640-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rothberg MB, Martinez KA. Influenza Management via Direct to Consumer Telemedicine: an Observational Study. J Gen Intern Med. 2020. Jan 9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-05640-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamdy RF, Park D, Dean K, Thompson J, Kambala A, Yan LD, Tong I, Liu CM. Geographic variability of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections within a direct-to-consumer telemedicine practice. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021. Jun 3: 1-3. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamdy RF, Park D, Dean K, Thompson J, Kambala A, Yan LD, Tong I, Liu CM. Geographic variability of antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections within a direct-to-consumer telemedicine practice. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2021. Jun 3: 1-3. doi: 10.1017/ice.2021.84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedrotti CHS, Accorsi TAD, De Amicis Lima K, Serpa Neto A, Lira MTSS, Morbeck RA, Cordioli E. Antibiotic stewardship in direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultations leads to high adherence to best practice guidelines and a low prescription rate. Int J Infect Dis. 2021. Apr; 105: 130-134. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedrotti CHS, Accorsi TAD, De Amicis Lima K, Serpa Neto A, Lira MTSS, Morbeck RA, Cordioli E. Antibiotic stewardship in direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultations leads to high adherence to best practice guidelines and a low prescription rate. Int J Infect Dis. 2021. Apr; 105: 130-134. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тяжельников А.А., Полунина Н.В., Костенко Е.В., Полунин В.С. Особенности амбулаторно-поликлинической помощи пациентам с covid-19 с использованием телемедицинских технологий // Российский медицинский журнал. — 2021. — Т.27, №2. — С.107-114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyazhelnikov AA, Polunina NV, Kostenko EV, Polunin VS. Peculiarities of outpatient care for COVID-19 patients using telemedicine technologies. Russian Medical Journal. 2021; 2(27): 107-114. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gannon JM, Schlesinger A, Glance J, Sujata M, Fredrick N, Wyler J, Perez G. Rapid expansion of directto-consumer telemental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case series. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2021. Feb; 33(1): 27-34. doi: 10.12788/acp.0020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gannon JM, Schlesinger A, Glance J, Sujata M, Fredrick N, Wyler J, Perez G. Rapid expansion of directto-consumer telemental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case series. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2021. Feb; 33(1): 27-34. doi: 10.12788/acp.0020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li KY, Zhu Z, Ng S, Ellimoottil C. Direct-To-Consumer Telemedicine Visits For Acute Respiratory Infections Linked To More Downstream Visits. Health Aff (Millwood). 2021. Apr; 40(4): 596-602. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li KY, Zhu Z, Ng S, Ellimoottil C. Direct-To-Consumer Telemedicine Visits For Acute Respiratory Infections Linked To More Downstream Visits. Health Aff (Millwood). 2021. Apr; 40(4): 596-602. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kennedy J, Arey S, Hopkins Z, Tejasvi T, Farah R, Secrest AM, Lipoff JB. Dermatologist Perceptions of Teledermatology Implementation and Future Use After COVID-19: Demographics, Barriers, and Insights. JAMA Dermatol. 2021. May 1; 157(5): 595-597. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.0195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kennedy J, Arey S, Hopkins Z, Tejasvi T, Farah R, Secrest AM, Lipoff JB. Dermatologist Perceptions of Teledermatology Implementation and Future Use After COVID-19: Demographics, Barriers, and Insights. JAMA Dermatol. 2021. May 1; 157(5): 595-597. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.0195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леванов В.М., Гена Е.И. Некоторые проблемы правового регулирования телемедицинской деятельности за рубежом // Актуальные проблемы управления здоровьем населения. Сборник научных трудов четвертой Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. Под общей редакцией И.А. Переслегиной, В.М. Леванова. — Нижний Новгород, 2021. — С.99-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levanov VM, Gena EI. Some problems of telemedicine activities legislation abroad. In: Actual Problems of Public Health Management. Ed. by IA. Pereslegina, VM. Levanov. Nizhnij Novgorod, 2021. P.99-108. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bollmeier SG, Stevenson E, Finnegan P, Griggs SK. Direct to Consumer Telemedicine: Is Healthcare From Home Best? Mo Med. 2020. Jul-Aug; 117(4): 303-309.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bollmeier SG, Stevenson E, Finnegan P, Griggs SK. Direct to Consumer Telemedicine: Is Healthcare From Home Best? Mo Med. 2020. Jul-Aug; 117(4): 303-309.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Online Prescribig. 2021. URL: https://www.cchpca.org/topic/online-prescribing/.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Online Prescribig. 2021. URL: https://www.cchpca.org/topic/online-prescribing/.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacktman NM. Legal and Regulatory Issues. In: Rheuban K, Krupinski EA. eds. Understanding Telehealth. McGraw Hill. Accessed November 09, 2021. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/ content.aspx?bookid=2217&amp;sectionid=187795865.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacktman NM. Legal and Regulatory Issues. In: Rheuban K, Krupinski EA. eds. Understanding Telehealth. McGraw Hill. Accessed November 09, 2021. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/ content.aspx?bookid=2217§ionid=187795865.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">50-state survey: Establishment of a patient-physician relationship via telemedicine. 2018. https:// www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2018-10/ama-chart-telemedicine-patient-physician-relationship. pdf.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">50-state survey: Establishment of a patient-physician relationship via telemedicine. 2018. https:// www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2018-10/ama-chart-telemedicine-patient-physician-relationship. pdf.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui F, Ma Q, He X, Zhai Y, Zhao J, Chen B, Sun D, Shi J, Cao M, Wang Z. Implementation and Application of Telemedicine in China: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020. Oct 23; 8(10): e18426. doi: 10.2196/18426.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui F, Ma Q, He X, Zhai Y, Zhao J, Chen B, Sun D, Shi J, Cao M, Wang Z. Implementation and Application of Telemedicine in China: Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020. Oct 23; 8(10): e18426. doi: 10.2196/18426.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">China’s Health Authorities Issue New Rules on Telemedicine. 2018. https://www.ropesgray.com/en/ newsroom/alerts/2018/09/Chinas-Health-Authorities-Issue-New-Rules-on-Telemedicine.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">China’s Health Authorities Issue New Rules on Telemedicine. 2018. https://www.ropesgray.com/en/ newsroom/alerts/2018/09/Chinas-Health-Authorities-Issue-New-Rules-on-Telemedicine.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Li B and Liu L. Telemedicine Experience in China: Our Response to the Pandemic and Current Challenges. Front. Public Health. 8: 549669. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.549669.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Li B and Liu L. Telemedicine Experience in China: Our Response to the Pandemic and Current Challenges. Front. Public Health. 8: 549669. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.549669.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коробов В.Б. Сравнительный анализ методов определения весовых коэффициентов «влияющих факторов» // Социология: методология, методы и математическое моделирование (Социология: 4М). — 2005. — №20. — С.54-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korobov VB. Comparative analysis of methods for determining the weight coefficients of «influencing factors». Sociology: methodology, methods and mathematical modeling (Sociology: 4M). 2005; 20: 54-73. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Леванов В.М., Кирпичёва И.С., Яшин А.А., Денисенко А.Н., Софронов К.А. Типичные ошибки при проведении телеконсультаций // Медицинский альманах. — 2014. — №1(31). — С.15-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levanov VM, Kirpichjova IS, Jashin AA, Denisenko AN., Sofronov KA. Typical mistakes during teleconsultations. Medical Almanac. 2014; 1(31): 15-18. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chong S, Hanna T, Lamoureux C, Ma T, Weber S, Johnson J, Friedberg E, Pyatt RS, Everett CJ, Johnson TD. Interpretations of Examinations Outside of Radiologists’ Fellowship Training: Assessment of Discrepancy Rates Among 5.9. Million Examinations From a National Teleradiology Databank. AJR 2021. Nov 3. doi:10.2214/AJR.21.26656.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chong S, Hanna T, Lamoureux C, Ma T, Weber S, Johnson J, Friedberg E, Pyatt RS, Everett CJ, Johnson TD. Interpretations of Examinations Outside of Radiologists’ Fellowship Training: Assessment of Discrepancy Rates Among 5.9. Million Examinations From a National Teleradiology Databank. AJR 2021. Nov 3. doi:10.2214/AJR.21.26656.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lamoureux C, Hanna TN, Sprecher D, Weber S, Callaway E. Radiologist errors by modality, anatomic region, and pathology for 1.6 million exams: what we have learned. Emerg Radiol. 2021. Dec; 28(6): 1135-1141. doi: 10.1007/s10140-021-01959-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lamoureux C, Hanna TN, Sprecher D, Weber S, Callaway E. Radiologist errors by modality, anatomic region, and pathology for 1.6 million exams: what we have learned. Emerg Radiol. 2021. Dec; 28(6): 1135-1141. doi: 10.1007/s10140-021-01959-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morozov S, Guseva E, Ledikhova N, Vladzymyrskyy A, Safronov D. Telemedicine-based system for quality management and peer review in radiology. Insights Imaging. 2018. Jun; 9(3): 337-341. doi: 10.1007/s13244-018-0629-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov S, Guseva E, Ledikhova N, Vladzymyrskyy A, Safronov D. Telemedicine-based system for quality management and peer review in radiology. Insights Imaging. 2018. Jun; 9(3): 337-341. doi: 10.1007/s13244-018-0629-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Storjohann S, Kirsch M, Rosenberg B, Rosenberg C, Lange S, Syperek A, Schweikhard FP, Hosten N. The Accuracy of On-Call CT Reporting in Teleradiology Networks in Comparison to In-House Reporting. Healthcare (Basel). 2021. Apr 1; 9(4): 405. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9040405.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Storjohann S, Kirsch M, Rosenberg B, Rosenberg C, Lange S, Syperek A, Schweikhard FP, Hosten N. The Accuracy of On-Call CT Reporting in Teleradiology Networks in Comparison to In-House Reporting. Healthcare (Basel). 2021. Apr 1; 9(4): 405. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9040405.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uscher-Pines L, Mulcahy A, Cowling D, Hunter G, Burns R, Mehrotra A. Access and Quality of Care in Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine. Telemed J E Health. 2016. Apr; 22(4): 282-7. doi: 10.1089/ tmj.2015.0079.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uscher-Pines L, Mulcahy A, Cowling D, Hunter G, Burns R, Mehrotra A. Access and Quality of Care in Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine. Telemed J E Health. 2016. Apr; 22(4): 282-7. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0079.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi Z, Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Poon SJ, Uscher-Pines L, Ray KN. Quality Of Care For Acute Respiratory Infections During Direct-To-Consumer Telemedicine Visits For Adults. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018. Dec; 37(12): 2014-2023. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05091.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi Z, Mehrotra A, Gidengil CA, Poon SJ, Uscher-Pines L, Ray KN. Quality Of Care For Acute Respiratory Infections During Direct-To-Consumer Telemedicine Visits For Adults. Health Aff (Millwood). 2018. Dec; 37(12): 2014-2023. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrillo de Albornoz S, Sia KL, Harris A. The effectiveness of teleconsultations in primary care: systematic review. Fam Pract. 2021. Jul 19: cmab077. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmab077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carrillo de Albornoz S, Sia KL, Harris A. The effectiveness of teleconsultations in primary care: systematic review. Fam Pract. 2021. Jul 19: cmab077. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmab077.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu L, Shi L. Chinese Patients’ Intention to Use Different Types of Internet Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study on Virtual Visits. J Med Internet Res. 2021. Aug 13; 23(8): e25978. doi: 10.2196/25978.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu L, Shi L. Chinese Patients’ Intention to Use Different Types of Internet Hospitals: Cross-sectional Study on Virtual Visits. J Med Internet Res. 2021. Aug 13; 23(8): e25978. doi: 10.2196/25978.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ray KN, Shi Z, Poon SJ, Uscher-Pines L, Mehrotra A. Use of Commercial Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine by Children. Acad Pediatr 2019. Aug; 19(6): 665-669. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.11.016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ray KN, Shi Z, Poon SJ, Uscher-Pines L, Mehrotra A. Use of Commercial Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine by Children. Acad Pediatr 2019. Aug; 19(6): 665-669. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.11.016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resneck JS Jr, Abrouk M, Steuer M, Tam A, Yen A, Lee I, Kovarik CL, Edison KE. Choice, Transparency, Coordination, and Quality Among Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Websites and Apps Treating Skin Disease. JAMA Dermatol. 2016. Jul 1; 152(7): 768-75. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.1774.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resneck JS Jr, Abrouk M, Steuer M, Tam A, Yen A, Lee I, Kovarik CL, Edison KE. Choice, Transparency, Coordination, and Quality Among Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Websites and Apps Treating Skin Disease. JAMA Dermatol. 2016. Jul 1; 152(7): 768-75. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.1774.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Halpren-Ruder D, Chang AM, Hollander JE, Shah A. Quality Assurance in Telehealth: Adherence to Evidence-Based Indicators. Telemed J E Health. 2019. Jul; 25(7): 599-603. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0149.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halpren-Ruder D, Chang AM, Hollander JE, Shah A. Quality Assurance in Telehealth: Adherence to Evidence-Based Indicators. Telemed J E Health. 2019. Jul; 25(7): 599-603. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0149.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pedrotti CHS, Accorsi TAD, De Amicis Lima K, Serpa Neto A, Lira MTSS, Morbeck RA, Cordioli E. Antibiotic stewardship in direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultations leads to high adherence to best practice guidelines and a low prescription rate. Int J Infect Dis. 2021. Apr; 105: 130-134. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pedrotti CHS, Accorsi TAD, De Amicis Lima K, Serpa Neto A, Lira MTSS, Morbeck RA, Cordioli E. Antibiotic stewardship in direct-to-consumer telemedicine consultations leads to high adherence to best practice guidelines and a low prescription rate. Int J Infect Dis. 2021. Apr; 105: 130-134. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du Yan L, Dean K, Park D, Thompson J, Tong I, Liu C, Hamdy RF. Education vs Clinician Feedback on Antibiotic Prescriptions for Acute Respiratory Infections in Telemedicine: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2021. Feb; 36(2): 305-312. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06134-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du Yan L, Dean K, Park D, Thompson J, Tong I, Liu C, Hamdy RF. Education vs Clinician Feedback on Antibiotic Prescriptions for Acute Respiratory Infections in Telemedicine: a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2021. Feb; 36(2): 305-312. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06134-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
